Lasted until 1271, succeeded for a short while in capturing Holy Lands and Jerusalem, but in the end was a failure. It did accomplish the following things:
Converting most of the Christians in the Middle East.
The European Christians killed anyone and everyone on their trips to the Middle East, so many Christians converted to avoid paying the special tax that had been required to remain Christian.
Europe rediscovered Greek and Roman literature, science and math, all of which had been preserved by the Arabs. It is translated from Arabic back into Latin and Greek, and is read by learned men of Europe.
Opening trade routes again from India and China (re: Marco Polo)
Caused the development of towns and a small merchant class
nce Italy was along the trade routes between the Middle East and Europe, the city-states of Northern Italy became the “middlemen” or merchants in Europe. This is why the Renaissance began there, and not somewhere else.
Source: http://chsweb.lr.k12.nj.us/mcarcanague/european_history.htm
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